EPA Drops Probe Into Coogee Tar Balls as Pollution Spreads Across Sydney Coast

Coogee Beach

Authorities have closed their investigation into the mysterious tar balls that appeared at Coogee Beach last year, but similar debris popping up at other Sydney beaches are raising fresh concerns about pollution along the coastline.



Investigation Ends Without Answers

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) concluded its inquiry into the black balls discovered on Coogee Beach in December, determining their source could not be identified.

Initial testing revealed the debris comprised cooking oil, soap scum, human waste, and trace elements of recreational drugs, substances often linked to waste systems. However, a lack of definitive source samples prevented further tracing.

“All our work is informed by scientific evidence. In this case, despite lengthy analysis, the results of the investigation are inconclusive. This is mainly because we cannot trace the formation of the debris balls to any specific incident or one singular source,” NSW EPA Executive Director of Regulatory Practice and Services Stephen Beaman said.

Despite months of testing and analysis, the EPA stated that it was impossible to determine whether the debris originated from a specific incident or an ongoing pollution source. Officials pointed to the complexities of tracing such materials, given the substances’ mixture and potential interactions in marine or sewerage environments.

Coogee Beach Tar Balls
Photo Credit: RCC

Problem Expands Beyond Coogee

Since the Coogee incident, similar debris has been found on several other Sydney beaches, including Bondi, Manly, and Dee Why. Recent reports detail smaller, greyish balls washing ashore at Northern Beaches locations, prompting temporary beach closures while authorities conducted clean-up efforts. Reports stated that the balls, often coated with sand, were difficult to locate and remove entirely.

Experts have raised alarms about the recurring nature of the debris. Scientists from the University of New South Wales said that without further investigation, the issue could persist and potentially worsen. One expert suggested the debris might result from illegal dumping of oils into the sewerage system, a practice that could cause waste to solidify into “fatbergs” that eventually break apart and reach the ocean.

Broader Environmental Implications

Marine pollution advocates and local community members have expressed frustration over the inconclusive results of the original investigation. They argue that the problem highlights gaps in waste management and environmental protection. While Sydney Water and the EPA ruled out operational failures at nearby sewage treatment plants, questions remain about how the debris forms and how it travels to the shoreline.

Transport for NSW Maritime also investigated whether the debris could stem from fuel spills, given the discovery of petroleum hydrocarbons in the balls. However, weather patterns and ocean current data reviewed during the Coogee investigation did not support this theory. Authorities remain open to the possibility that multiple factors contribute to the recurring pollution.

Local Action and Next Steps

Councils along the affected beaches continue monitoring and cleaning impacted areas, with testing ongoing for newly discovered debris.

Meanwhile, scientists have called for a coordinated, multi-agency response to address the issue comprehensively. They stress that Sydney’s beaches may face continued contamination incidents without sufficient resources and collaboration.



Residents and beachgoers are encouraged to report unusual findings to the NSW EPA via its Environment Line 131 555.

Published 15-January-2025

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